-pia

Meanings

1. 1

   to have, to own

   Documented in Nahuizalco, Izalco, The Izalcos (Izalco and Nahuizalco), Cuisnahuat, Santo Domingo de Guzmán

   Sources: Aráuz (1960), Schultze Jena (1935), Baratta (1951), Todd (1953), Campbell (1985), Ramírez (2004), King (2011a), King (2011b), Cárcamo et al. (2023), Hernández (2019), Ordóñez (2026)

2. 2

   to look after, to keep

   Documented in Nahuizalco

   Sources: Todd (1953), King (2011a), Hernández (2019), Ordóñez (2026)

Forms

present

nikpiafirst person singular · Sources: Campbell (1985), King (2011b), Cárcamo et al. (2023)tikpiasecond person singular · Sources: King (2011b), Cárcamo et al. (2023)kipiathird person singular · Sources: King (2011a)kipiat · Sources: Schultze Jena (1935), King (2011b)

imperative

shikpia · Sources: Todd (1953), King (2011a)

In the texts

• kipia106 times
• nikpia55 times
• kipiat47 times
• tikpia31 times
• kipiatuya22 times
• tikpiat19 times
• tajpia17 times
• kipiaya9 times
• ankipiat5 times
• shikpia4 times
• mupia2 times
• nitajpia2 times
• tiu-tikpia2 times
• yu-kipia2 times
• kipiataonce
• tikpiatuyatonce

Sources

• Aráuz, El Pipil de la Región de los Itzalcos (1960), recorded about 1915–1924
• Schultze Jena, Mythen in der Muttersprache der Pipil von Izalco (1935), recorded 1930
• Baratta, Cuzcatlán típico (1951)
• Todd, Notas del náhuat de Nahuizalco (1953)
• Campbell, The Pipil Language of El Salvador (1985), recorded 1970–1976
• Ramírez, Naja Ni Genaro (2004), recorded about 2000–2004
• King, Léxico del Náhuat Básico (2011), recorded 2004–2008
• King, Timumachtikan! (2011), recorded 2004–2011
• Cárcamo et al., Achtu Taksalis (2023), recorded about 2019–2022
• Hernández, Nawat Mujmusta (2019)
• Ordóñez, Diccionario náhuat (2026)