-chiwa

Meanings

1. to do, to make

   Documented in Nahuizalco, Izalco, The Izalcos (Izalco and Nahuizalco), Cuisnahuat, Santo Domingo de Guzmán

   Sources: Aráuz (1960), Schultze Jena (1935), Baratta (1951), Todd (1953), Campbell (1985), Ramírez (2004), King (2011a), King (2011b), Cárcamo et al. (2023), Hernández (2019), Ordóñez (2026)

Forms

present

nikchiwafirst person singular · Sources: King (2011a)tikchiwasecond person singular · Sources: King (2011a)kichiwathird person singular · Sources: King (2011a), King (2011b)tikchiwatfirst person plural · Sources: King (2011b)ankichiwatsecond person plural · Sources: King (2011b)kichiwatthird person plural · Sources: King (2011b)

imperative

shikchiwa · Sources: Schultze Jena (1935)

Pronunciation

In the texts

• kichiwa70 times
• kichiwat28 times
• kicha27 times
• nikchiwa22 times
• muchiwa20 times
• tikchiwat18 times
• tikchiwa16 times
• muchiwki11 times
• kichat10 times
• kichiwtuk8 times
• mucha8 times
• muchijki7 times
• niu-nikchiwa6 times
• shikchiwa6 times
• muchiwtuk4 times
• nikcha4 times
• muchiwtuka3 times
• tikchijki3 times
• ankichiwat2 times
• nimuchiwa2 times
• niu-nikcha2 times
• yu-kichiwa2 times
• chiwkionce
• muchaskiaonce
• nikchiwkiaonce
• shimuchaonce
• techchaonce
• timuchakanonce
• tiu-tikchiwaonce

Sources

• Aráuz, El Pipil de la Región de los Itzalcos (1960), recorded about 1915–1924
• Schultze Jena, Mythen in der Muttersprache der Pipil von Izalco (1935), recorded 1930
• Baratta, Cuzcatlán típico (1951)
• Todd, Notas del náhuat de Nahuizalco (1953)
• Campbell, The Pipil Language of El Salvador (1985), recorded 1970–1976
• Ramírez, Naja Ni Genaro (2004), recorded about 2000–2004
• King, Léxico del Náhuat Básico (2011), recorded 2004–2008
• King, Timumachtikan! (2011), recorded 2004–2011
• Cárcamo et al., Achtu Taksalis (2023), recorded about 2019–2022
• Hernández, Nawat Mujmusta (2019)
• Ordóñez, Diccionario náhuat (2026)